Long-term trend and interannual variability of precipitation-use efficiency in Eurasian grasslands

Precipitation-use efficiency (PUE) is an important ecosystem indicator of the carbon–water conversion. The trend and interannual variation precipitation-use response to climatic factors provide a theoretical foundation for understanding how Eurasian grasslands adapt climate change. However, long-term trends regulating PUE in at continental scale are still unclear. Here, we integrated Global Inventory Monitoring Modeling System (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), field surveys aboveground net primary production (ANPP) meteorological datasets during 1982–2015 reveal temporal variations controls grasslands. We found that there was overall uptrend (3 × 10−3 g C m−2 mm−1/10 yr) greatest increasing forest steppe rate 13 yr, while decreasing presented alpine −2.6 yr. showed linearly patterns with precipitation biome scales, it uncorrelated temperature diverse linear increase, concave-down no correlation different biomes. mainly controlled by This result further revealed shaped pattern cascading effects networks (precipitation temperature) − vapor pressure deficit (VPD) – leaf area index (LAI) ANPP (CVLP-CENet). study identified trends, over past three decades, provided crucial insights into grassland ecosystems dynamics